Jesus Is Cricified Way of the Cross Station Art

Serial of artistic representations, depicting Jesus Christ conveying the Cross to his crucifixion

The Stations of the Cantankerous or the Style of the Cross, besides known as the Style of Sorrows or the Via Crucis, refers to a series of images depicting Jesus Christ on the day of his crucifixion and accompanying prayers. The stations grew out of imitations of the Via Dolorosa in Jerusalem, which is a traditional processional road symbolising the actual path Jesus walked to Mount Calvary. The objective of the stations is to assist the Christian true-blue to make a spiritual pilgrimage through contemplation of the Passion of Christ. It has get one of the about popular devotions and the stations tin can exist found in many Western Christian churches, including those in the Roman Catholic,^[1] Lutheran,^{[2] [3]} Anglican,^[4] and Methodist traditions.^{[5] [six]}

Commonly, a series of fourteen images will be bundled in numbered order along a path, along which worshippers—individually or in a procession—move in social club, stopping at each station to say prayers and reflections associated with that station. These devotions are nigh common during Lent, especially on Good Friday, and reverberate a spirit of reparation for the sufferings and insults that Jesus endured during his passion.^{[7] [eight] [9]} As a concrete devotion involving standing, kneeling and genuflections, the Stations of the Cantankerous are tied with the Christian themes of repentance and mortification of the mankind.^{[1] [x]}

The way, form, and placement of the stations vary widely. The typical stations are small plaques with reliefs or paintings placed effectually a church nave. Modern minimalist stations can be uncomplicated crosses with a numeral in the eye.^{[7] [11]} Occasionally the true-blue might say the stations of the cross without there being whatsoever image, such as when the pope leads the stations of the cantankerous effectually the Colosseum in Rome on Proficient Fri.^[12]

History [edit]

The Stations of the Cross originated in pilgrimage to Jerusalem and a desire to reproduce the Via Dolorosa. Imitating holy places was not a new concept. For example, the religious complex of Santo Stefano in Bologna, Italy, replicated the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and other religious sites, including the Mount of Olives and the Valley of Josaphat.^[13]

Following the siege of 1187, Jerusalem fell to the forces of Saladin, the first sultan of Arab republic of egypt and Syrian arab republic. Forty years later, members of the Franciscan religious lodge were allowed back into the Holy Land. Their founder, Saint Francis of Assisi, held the Passion of Christ in special veneration and is said to have been the first person to receive stigmata.^[14] In 1217, St. Francis likewise founded the Custody of the Holy Land to guard and promote the devotion to Christian holy places. The Franciscans' efforts were recognized when Pope Clement VI officially proclaimed them the custodians of holy places in 1342.^[fourteen] Although several travelers who visited the Holy Land during the 12–14th centuries (e.thou. Riccoldo da Monte di Croce, Burchard of Mount Sion, and James of Verona), mention a "Via Sacra", i.e. a settled route that pilgrims followed, in that location is nothing in their accounts to identify this with the Fashion of the Cross, every bit we understand it.^[15] The earliest use of the word "stations", as practical to the accustomed halting-places along the Via Sacra at Jerusalem, occurs in the narrative of an English pilgrim, William Wey, who visited the Holy State in the mid-15th century and described pilgrims following the footsteps of Christ to Golgotha. In 1521, a book called Geystlich Strass (German: "spiritual road") was printed with illustrations of the stations in the Holy Country.^[xv]

During the 15th and 16th centuries, the Franciscans began to build a serial of outdoor shrines in Europe to indistinguishable their counterparts in the Holy Land. The number of stations at these shrines varied between seven and xxx; 7 was common. These were unremarkably placed, ofttimes in small buildings, along the arroyo to a church, equally in a set of 1490 by Adam Kraft, leading to the Johanniskirche in Nuremberg.^[16] A number of rural examples were established equally attractions in their ain right, usually on attractive wooded hills. These include the Sacro Monte di Domodossola (1657) and Sacro Monte di Belmonte (1712), and course part of the Sacri Monti of Piedmont and Lombardy World Heritage Site, together with other examples on different devotional themes. The sculptures at these sites are very elaborate and often nearly life-size. Remnants of these sites are often referred to as calvary hills.

In 1686, in respond to their petition, Pope Innocent XI granted to the Franciscans the right to erect stations within their churches. In 1731, Pope Clement XII extended to all churches the correct to accept the stations, provided that a Franciscan father erected them, with the consent of the local bishop. At the same fourth dimension the number of stations was stock-still at fourteen. In 1857, the bishops of England were allowed to erect the stations by themselves, without the intervention of a Franciscan priest, and in 1862 this right was extended to bishops throughout the church building.^[17]

Stations [edit]

The Resurrection of Jesus at the Saint Mary Rawaseneng Prayer Garden, in the Rawaseneng Monastery, Indonesia

The early gear up of 7 scenes was commonly numbers two, 3, 4, vi, 7, 11 and 14 from the listing below.^[16] From the late 16th century to the nowadays, the standard complement has consisted of 14 pictures or sculptures depicting the following scenes:^{[18] [19] [20]}

1. Jesus is condemned to death
2. Jesus takes up his Cross
3. Jesus falls for the showtime time
4. Jesus meets his Mother
5. Simon of Cyrene helps Jesus behave the Cantankerous
6. Veronica wipes the face of Jesus
7. Jesus falls for the second time
8. Jesus meets the women of Jerusalem
9. Jesus falls for the third time
10. Jesus is stripped of his garments (sometimes called the "Division of Robes")
11. Jesus is nailed to the Cantankerous
12. Jesus dies on the Cross
13. Jesus is taken down from the Cantankerous
14. Jesus is laid in the tomb

Although not traditionally part of the Stations, the Resurrection of Jesus is sometimes included as an unofficial fifteenth station.^{[ dubious – talk over ] [21] [22]} 1 very different version, called the Via Lucis ("Style of Light"), comprising the Fourteen Stations of Light or Stations of the Resurrection, starts Jesus ascent from the dead and ends with Pentecost.^[23]

Scriptural form [edit]

Out of the 14 traditional Stations of the Cross, simply eight take a clear scriptural foundation. Station four appears out of lodge from scripture; Jesus's mother is present at the crucifixion but is only mentioned later Jesus is nailed to the cantankerous and before he dies (betwixt stations xi and 12). The scriptures comprise no accounts whatsoever of any woman wiping Jesus'due south face nor of Jesus falling equally stated in Stations 3, vi, vii and 9. Station 13 (Jesus's body being taken down off the cross and laid in the arms of his female parent Mary) differs from the gospels' record, which states that Joseph of Arimathea took Jesus downwardly from the cross and buried him.

To provide a version of this devotion more closely aligned with the biblical accounts, Pope John Paul Two introduced a new class of devotion, called the Scriptural Fashion of the Cantankerous, on Expert Friday 1991. He celebrated that class many times but not exclusively at the Colosseum in Italy,^{[24] [25]} using the following sequence (as published by the U.s. Cosmic Conference of Bishops):^[26]

1. Jesus prays in the Garden of Gethsemane;
2. Jesus is betrayed by Judas and arrested;
3. Jesus is condemned by the Sanhedrin;
4. Jesus is denied by Peter 3 times;
5. Jesus is judged by Pilate;
6. Jesus is scourged and crowned with thorns;
7. Jesus takes up his cross;
8. Jesus is helped past Simon of Cyrene to carry his cantankerous;
9. Jesus meets the women of Jerusalem;
10. Jesus is crucified;
11. Jesus promises his kingdom to the repentant thief;
12. Jesus entrusts Mary and John to each other;
13. Jesus dies on the cross; and
14. Jesus is laid in the tomb.

In 2007, Pope Bridegroom XVI canonical this gear up of stations for meditation and public commemoration.^{[27] [28]}

The New Way of the Cross (Philippines) [edit]

Some other set of Stations are being used by the Cosmic Church in the Philippines. Filipinos use this set up during Visita Iglesia, which is usually washed every Holy Calendar week.

1. The Concluding Supper
2. The Agony in Gethsemane
3. Jesus Before the Sanhedrin
4. Jesus is scourged and crowned with thorns
5. Jesus Receives His Cross
6. Jesus Falls under the weight of the Cantankerous
7. Simon of Cyrene Helps Jesus deport the Cross
8. Jesus meets the women of Jerusalem
9. Jesus is nailed to the Cross
10. The Repentant Thief
11. Mary and John at the Foot of the Cantankerous
12. Jesus dies on the Cross
13. Jesus is laid in His Tomb
14. Jesus rises from the Dead

Modern usage [edit]

In the Roman Catholic Church, the devotion may be conducted personally by the faithful, making their way from i station to another and saying the prayers, or by having an officiating celebrant move from cross to cross while the faithful make the responses. The stations themselves must consist of, at the very least, fourteen wooden crosses—pictures lone do not suffice—and they must be blessed past someone with the authority to erect stations.^[29]

Pope John Paul Two led an annual public prayer of the Stations of the Cross at the Roman Colosseum on Skilful Friday. Originally, the pope himself carried the cross from station to station, only in his final years when age and infirmity limited his forcefulness, John Paul presided over the commemoration from a stage on the Palatine Hill, while others carried the cantankerous. Just days prior to his death in 2005, Pope John Paul II observed the Stations of the Cross from his individual chapel. Each yr a different person is invited to write the meditation texts for the Stations. Past composers of the Papal Stations include several non-Catholics. The pope himself wrote the texts for the Great Jubilee in 2000 and used the traditional Stations.

The celebration of the Stations of the Cross is especially mutual on the Fridays of Lent, peculiarly Adept Fri. Community celebrations are usually accompanied by various songs and prayers. Particularly common every bit musical accompaniment is the Stabat Mater. At the stop of each station the Adoramus Te is sometimes sung. The Alleluia is also sung, except during Lent.

Structurally, Mel Gibson's 2004 flick, The Passion of the Christ, follows the Stations of the Cross.^[30]

Debates [edit]

Identify of Christ's resurrection [edit]

Some mod liturgists^[31] say the traditional Stations of the Cross are incomplete without a final scene depicting the empty tomb and the resurrection of Jesus because Jesus' rising from the dead was an integral function of his salvific piece of work on Globe. Advocates of the traditional form of the Stations ending with the body of Jesus beingness placed in the tomb say the Stations are intended as a meditation on the atoning expiry of Jesus, and not as a consummate picture of his life, decease, and resurrection. Another point of contention, at least between some ranking liturgists and traditionalists, is (the apply of) the "New Style of the Cross" being recited exclusively in the Philippines and by Filipinos abroad.

The Stations of the Resurrection (also known past the Latin name of Via Lucis, Way of Light) are used in some churches at Eastertide to meditate on the Resurrection and Rising of Jesus Christ.

Music [edit]

Franz Liszt wrote a Via Crucis for choir, soloists and piano or organ or harmonium in 1879. In 1931, French organist Marcel Dupré improvised and transcribed musical meditations based on xiv poems by Paul Claudel, one for each station. Peter Maxwell Davies's Vesalii Icones (1969), for male dancer, solo cello and instrumental ensemble, brings together the Stations of the Cantankerous and a series of drawings from the anatomical treatise De humani corporis fabrica (1543) by the Belgian dr. Andreas van Wesel (Vesalius). In Davies'south sequence, the last "station" represents the Resurrection, but of Antichrist, the composer's moral point existence the need to distinguish what is fake from what is real.^[32] David Bowie regarded his 1976 song "Station to Station" every bit "very much concerned with the stations of the cantankerous".^[33] Paweł Łukaszewski wrote Via Crucis in 2000 and information technology was premiered by the Wrocław Opera on Skilful Friday March xxx, 2018, and transmitted on TVP Kultura. Stefano Vagnini'due south 2002 modular oratorio, Via Crucis,^[34] is a composition for organ, computer, choir, string orchestra and brass quartet.

As the Stations of the Cross are prayed during the flavor of Lent in Cosmic churches, each station is traditionally followed by a poetry of the Stabat Mater, composed in the 13th century past Franciscan Jacopone da Todi. James Matthew Wilson's poetic sequence, The Stations of the Cross, is written in the same meter equally da Todi's poem.^[35]

Literature [edit]

Dimitris Lyacos' 3rd part of the Poena Damni trilogy, The First Death, is divided in 14 sections in order to emphasise the "Via Dolorosa" of its marooned protagonist during his ascent on the mount of the isle which constitutes the setting of the piece of work.^{[ citation needed ] [ relevance questioned ]}

Gallery [edit]

• 

• 

• 

• 

  quaternary Station: Jesus meets his Mother

• 

  6th Station: Veronica wipes the face of Jesus

• 

  7th Station: Jesus falls for the second time

• 

  8th Station: Jesus meets the women of Jerusalem

• 

  9th Station: Jesus falls for the third time

• 

  tenth Station: Jesus is stripped of his garments (sometimes chosen the "Division of Robes")

• 

• 

  twelfth Station: Jesus dies on the cross

• 

• 

Encounter besides [edit]

• Acts of Reparation to Jesus Christ
• Life of Jesus in the New Attestation
• Seven Sorrows of Mary
• Sayings of Jesus on the cross
• Three Hours' Agony
• Via Lucis

References [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b} Byrne, William (sixteen Oct 2020). 5 Things with Father Bill: Promise, Humor, and Help for the Soul. Loyola Press. ISBN978-0-8294-5327-0.
2. ^ "Stations of the Cross". Holy Trinity Lutheran Church. Archived from the original on twenty October 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
3. ^ "Good Fri: Stations of the Cross Explained". Sinclair Broadcast Grouping, Inc. (KJZZ14). 15 Apr 2022. It has go standard for Catholic churches in the Usa to mark the Stations of the Cross on Proficient Friday. In improver to Catholics, some Protestant churches, especially those belonging to the Episcopal [i.e., Anglican] or Lutheran denominations, as well commemorate the Stations of the Cross as of their Lenten activities.
4. ^ "Lent" (PDF). Church building of England. 236. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 July 2017. Retrieved 20 Oct 2017.
5. ^ "Stations of the Cross". Trinity UMC. 24 March 2013. Archived from the original on 17 Apr 2015. Retrieved 17 Apr 2015.
6. ^ Quann, Lynn (4 Apr 2017). "Stations of the Cross". Epworth United Methodist Church. Retrieved xvi April 2022.
7. ^ ^{a b} "Stations of the Cantankerous". St. Michael's Episcopal Church. 2012. Archived from the original on 17 Feb 2015. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
8. ^ Ann Ball, 2003 Encyclopedia of Catholic Devotions and Practices ISBN 0-87973-910-X
9. ^ "The Way of the Cross". Browne and Nolan.
10. ^ Ryder, Henry Ignatius Dudley (1920). Sermons and Notes of Sermons. Sands & Visitor. p. 58.
11. ^ Chryssides, George D.; Wilkins, Margaret Z. (xi September 2014). Christians in the Twenty-Start Century. Taylor & Francis. p. 51. ISBN978-1-317-54557-6.
12. ^ "Frommer's Events – Event Guide: Good Friday Procession in Rome (Palatine Hill, Italy)". Frommer's. Archived from the original on 7 January 2009. Retrieved eight April 2008.
13. ^ Ousterhout, Robert M. (1981). "The Church of Santo Stefano: A "Jerusalem" in Bologna". Gesta. 2 (xx): 311–321. doi:x.2307/766940. ISSN 0016-920X. JSTOR 766940. S2CID 191752841.
14. ^ ^{a b} Weitzel Gibbons, Mary (1995). Giambologna: Narrator of the Catholic Reformation. University of California Press. pp. 72–73. ISBN978-0-520-08213-vii.
15. ^ ^{a b} Thurston, Herbert (1914). The Stations of the Cross: an account of their history and devotional purpose. London: Burns & Oates. pp. 20–21, 46. OCLC 843213.
16. ^ ^{a b} Schiller, Gertrud, Iconography of Christian Art, Vol. II, p. 82, 1972 (English trans from German), Lund Humphries, London, ISBN 0-85331-324-5
17. ^ The Cosmic Encyclopedia (1907). s.five. "The Manner of the Cross".
18. ^ "Text of the Stations of the Cantankerous for 2020, led past Pope Francis". Aleteia / Foundation for Evangelization through the Media (FEM). 9 Apr 2020. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
19. ^ "First Station: Jesus is condemned to death". Libreria Editrice Vaticana. Retrieved nineteen May 2020.
20. ^ Francesca Merlo (10 April 2020). "Mode of the Cross: Meditations from a corrections facility". Vatican News. Retrieved nineteen May 2020.
21. ^ "Fr. William Saunders". Archived from the original on 2009-04-30. Retrieved 2009-04-04 . Because of the intrinsic relationship between the passion and death of our Lord with His resurrection, several of the devotional booklets now include a 15th station, which commemorates the Resurrection.
22. ^ Ficcaglia, Jennifer (12 Feb 2016). "Stations of the Cross Explained". Cosmic Courier. The Way of the Cross traditionally consists of fourteen iconic stations that depict the events of Jesus' journeying to crucifixion. A 15th station, which is not depicted by an icon, is meant to remember Jesus' resurrection.
23. ^ "The Official Spider web Site for the Archdiocese of Detroit" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-12-23. Retrieved 2012-02-thirteen . In some contemporary Stations of the Cross, a fifteenth station has been added to commemorate the Resurrection of the Lord.
24. ^ Joseph Yard Champlin, The Stations of the Cantankerous With Pope John Paul II Liguori Publications, 1994, ISBN 0-89243-679-4
25. ^ Pope John Paul Ii, Meditation and Prayers for the Stations of the Cross at the Colosseum Archived 2013-06-03 at the Wayback Machine, Skillful Friday, 2000
26. ^ "Scriptural Stations of the Cantankerous". www.usccb.org . Retrieved 2019-03-11 .
27. ^ Office for the Liturgical Celebrations of the Supreme Pontiff (April half-dozen, 2007). "Way of the Cantankerous at the Colosseum". Vatican.va. Archived from the original on July 7, 2013. Retrieved Feb 18, 2018.
28. ^ "Pope Benedict leads Good Fri service". ABC News. April six, 2007 – via www.abc.cyberspace.au.
29. ^ "Catholic Encyclopedia: Way of the Cross". Newadvent.org. 1912-10-01. Retrieved 2014-07-03 .
30. ^ Review Archived 2012-04-thirty at the Wayback Machine, United States Conference of Cosmic Bishops, 2004
31. ^ McBrien, Richard P.; Harold W. Attridge (1995). The HarperCollins encyclopedia of Catholicism. p. 1222. ISBN978-0-06-065338-5.
32. ^ Composer'southward note in the published score (Boosey and Hawkes, B & H 20286).
33. ^ Cavanagh, David (February 1997). "ChangesFiftyBowie". Q magazine: 52–59.
34. ^ Falcon Valley Music Ed., Stefano Vagnini, Via Crucis, Rome, 2002.^{[ not specific enough to verify ]}
35. ^ "The Stations of the Cross : Clarion Review". world wide web.clarionreview.org . Retrieved 2017-12-16 .

External links [edit]

• Scriptural Stations of the Cross from the The states Conference of Catholic Bishops
• The Mode Of The Cantankerous: Presentation (historical development; nowadays class, both traditional and scriptural), from the official Vatican website (accessed 19 May 2020)
• Via Crucis celebration texts used past the Vatican on Good Fridays since 1991 from the official Vatican website
• Video: Corine Schleif. Adam Kraft'due south Seven Falls of Christ. Walking the History of Emotions in Nuremberg. Part 1
• Video: Corine Schleif. Adam Kraft's Seven Falls of Christ. Walking the History of Emotions in Nuremberg. Role 2
• "Way of the Cross" article from The Catholic Encyclopedia

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stations_of_the_Cross

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